Established as a special purpose company following the formation of a consortium between Engie, Nesma, and Mowah, Yanbu 4 was developed to construct and operate a seawater desalination plant in Al Rais, Al Madinah, under the public-private partnership (PPP) model. The plant has a daily capacity of 450,000 m³, a 42 km transmission pipeline, and an 11 MWp solar power facility. It supplies potable water to Makkah and Madinah, serving up to 3 million people. The project reached financial close in March 2021 and began commercial operations in May 2023 under a 25-year Water Purchase Agreement.